Math Typesetting in Latex

This article is about the math typesetting using Latex.

Examples

Act only on the next character. Use curly braces {...} to affect several characters.

Special Characters

1 2	\# \$ \% \{ \} \_ \\ \backslash

$\# \$ \% \{ \} \_ \\ \backslash$

Short Ones

$a^2$ a^2
$a_2$ a_2
$\sqrt{a}$ \sqrt{a}
$\sqrt[n]{a}$ \sqrt[n]{a}
$\vec{a}$ \vec{a}
$37^\circ$ 37^\circ
$\overrightarrow{AB}$ \overrightarrow{AB}
$\mathrm{d}x$ \mathrm{d}x
$\mathbf{\mu,M}$ \mathbf{\mu,M}
$\boldsymbol{\mu,M}$ \boldsymbol{\mu,M}

Large Ones

Sum, integral and product operator

\sum_{i=1}^n \qquad
\int_{-\infty}^\infty \qquad
\prod \qquad
\iint \qquad
\oint \qquad

$\sum_{i=1}^n \qquad \int_{-\infty}^\infty \qquad \prod \qquad \iint \qquad \oint \qquad$

Delimiter of auto size, use a pair of \left and \right. If the right is not necessary, use \right.

1 2	\left( \frac{1}{1+x} \right) \qquad \left\{ \frac{x}{y} \right.

$\left( \frac{1}{1+x} \right) \qquad \left\{ \frac{x}{y} \right.$

To specify the size manually, use

\big|
\Big|
\bigg|
\Bigg|

$\big| \Big| \bigg| \Bigg|$

To group multiple equations, use align environment

\left\{
\begin{align}
a+b &= x\\
c+d &= y
\end{align}
\right.

$\left\{ \begin{align} a+b &= x\\ c+d &= y \end{align} \right.$

To add a matrix, we may use environment array

\mathbf{X} =
\left[
	\begin{array}{ccc}
		x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\
		x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\
		\vdots & \vdots & \ddots
	\end{array}
\right]

$\mathbf{X} = \left[ \begin{array}{ccc} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{array} \right]$

or we may use environment matrix

\mathbf{X} =
\left[
	\begin{matrix}
		x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\
		x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\
		\vdots & \vdots & \ddots
	\end{matrix}
\right]

$\mathbf{X} = \left[ \begin{matrix} x_{11} & x_{12} & \ldots \\ x_{21} & x_{22} & \ldots \\ \vdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{matrix} \right]$

we can draw a table as

\begin{array}{c|cc}
    n & x & y \\
    \hline
    1 & a & b \\
    2 & c & d
\end{array}

$\begin{array}{c|cc} n & x & y \\ \hline 1 & a & b \\ 2 & c & d \end{array}$

Space

a \, b \\
a \; b \\
a \  b \\ % the same as \;
a \quad b \\
a \qquad b

$a \, b \\ a \; b \\ a \ b \\ a \quad b \\ a \qquad b$

Symbol

Math Mode Accents

$Math Mode Accents$

Greeks Letters

$Greeks Letters$

Binary Relations

$Binary Relations$

Binary Operators

$Binary Operators$

Big Operators

$Big Operators$

Arrows

$Arrows$

Arrows as Accents

$Arrows as Accents$

Delimiters

$Delimiters 1$

$Delimiters 2$

Others

$Others$

Fonts

$Fonts$

Reference

Tobias Oetiker. A short introduction to LATEX 2e. Available at: https://www.ctan.org/tex-archive/info/lshort